Essay on Four Principles of Interpersonal Communication

Introduction A critical review of what has been noted about the four principles of interpersonal communication demonstrates that King (2000) has provided the definitive source for reviewing these issues. According to King, interpersonal communication is: inescapable, irreversible, complicated and contextual. Using these four principles as a basis for research, the current investigation provides a review of each of the four principles and the implication of each of these principles for the nursing professional. A situation is described in which the four principles of interpersonal communication are examined along with a review of how these principles can strengthen and enhance communication in the nursing environment. The Four Principles†¦show more content†¦Regardless of the nurses specific assignment, interpersonal communication is unavoidable. Interpersonal Communication is Irreversible Considering next the development of interpersonal communication as irreversible, Charlton, Dearing, Berry and Johnson (2008) provide a clear example of this issue in the context of nursing practice. As reported by these authors, research has consistently demonstrated that the interpersonal communication which takes place between patient and nurse can influence the health outcomes of the patient. If the communication is positive and supportive, the patient may be more likely to engage in health practices which benefit health. Thus, the interpersonal communication used by the nurse can and will have an irreversible impact on the health of the patient. Recognition of this issue is critical to protecting and improving the health outcomes of patients. The data provided by Charlton, et al., (2008) clearly demonstrates that impact of interpersonal communication in nursing. Once an issue, belief or value has been verbalized and heard, it cannot be removed. While this is not to say that improvements in interpersonal communication cannot occur, once communication has been established reversing statements and the feelings which result from these statements can be a notable challenge. ForShow MoreRelatedInterpersonal Communication972 Words   |  4 PagesFour Principles of Interpersonal Communication These principles underlie the workings in real life of interpersonal communication. They are basic to communication. We cant ignore them Interpersonal communication is inescapable We cant not communicate. The very attempt not to communicate communicates something. Through not only words, but through tone of voice and through gesture, posture, facial expression, etc., we constantly communicate to those around us. Through these channels, we constantlyRead MoreCommunication Is Intentional Or Unintentional? 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In order to achieve this, I needed to speak at an appropriate volume, so not to shout at the audience, conveying an aggressive form of communication but also not to be coy so that I could not be heard. In conjunction with volume, the pitch and pace at which I communicated was alsoRead MoreCase Study : Applied Leadership Theory Essay909 Words   |  4 PagesCHAPTER FOUR Applied Leadership Theory Introduction Chapter four will define the plan of action to interview Chad Brake, the first shift Senior Supervisor for the Equipment/Component Preparation departments at Pfizer Corporation in McPherson, Kansas. The interview will be designed to pinpoint three key objectives based on the three leadership principles brought together in chapter two and chapter three. The purpose of the interview is to obtain responses from Chad Brake that will validate theRead MoreNursing Paper on Peplaus Theory of Interpersonal Relations1734 Words   |  7 PagesPeplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations Jennifer Holzer Chamberlain College of Nursing Nursing 501 Theoretical Basis for Advanced Nursing Practice Spring 2014 Nursing theory is important because it is the foundation and structure for the profession of nursing. There are many different types of theories and they all serve a specific purpose. Theories are important and valuable because they allow the nurse to understand and comprehendRead MoreThe Importance of Interpersonal Communication1186 Words   |  5 Pages------------------------------------------------- The Impact of Interpersonal Communication for Startup Business in TANRI ABENG UNIVERSITY ------------------------------------------------- English for Academic Purpose Naimy Zam Zam / Corporate Communication / 13.013 Abstract This research proposal contains the analysis about interpersonal communication in startup business The Impact of Interpersonal Communication in Startup Businesses Introduction These days, there are so many startupRead MoreDo Actions Speak Louder than Words? Preschool Children’s Use of the Verbal-Nonverbal Consistency Principle during Inconsistent Communications1452 Words   |  6 Pageslouder than words† principle also known as the â€Å"verbal nonverbal consistency† principle to process information where verbal cues contradict nonverbal ques. Three through five year olds were shown a video where an actor drank a beverage and made a verbal statement (ex. I like it) that was inconsistent with her emotional expression (ex. frowning). The children were then asked whether or not the actor liked or disliked the beverage. If children used the verbal nonverbal consistency principle, they shouldRead MoreThe Theory Of Nursing Theory1463 Words   |  6 Pagesnursing practice, spawn additional knowledge and influence the course of nursing’s future. They furnish information pertaining to: definitions of nursing, nursing practice, princip les that form the foundation for practice, and goals and functions of nursing care (Cardinal Stritch University, 2014). Not only do these principles focus on the issues nurses face daily, they are also multifaceted involving abundant concrete and imperceptible elements (Sitzman Wright-Elschberger, 2015). Nursing

Managing Air Quality And Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(163) " developed state vision and at the same clip stay its environment sustainability, Malaysia must continuously better air quality direction which has begun in 2002\." API or Air Pollutant Index is the indexs used to specify air quality. Malaysia used API system which follows Pollutant Standard Index ( PSI ) which developed by United States Environmental Protection Agency or US-EPA. Air quality issues are really planetary issue today. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Air Quality And Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The haze phenomena which happened in the twelvemonth 1983, 1984, 1991, 1994 and 1997 has opened our eyes and increased consciousness that air quality issues must be treated earnestly and an effectual plan must be developed in order to supervise, prevent and control air quality. Furthermore, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ( SARS ) late detected in April 2004 besides has addition consciousness on how of import clean and healthy air we needs. Malaya has growing for major transmutation from agricultural to fabricating based state since decennaries ago. Realized on this, the authorities of Malaysia has enacted The Environmental Quality Act ( EQA ) in 1974. By the twelvemonth 1977, authorities has enacted Motor Vehicle ( Control of Smoke and Gas Emissions ) to command black fume which emitted from Diesel vehicles ( Heng 2002 ) . In Malaysia, Department of Environment ( DOE ) is responsible to supervise state air quality via 51 Stationss which located in strategic topographic points either in residential and industrial countries. The increasing Numberss of industrial activities and increasing vehicles contributed significantly to air pollution. Harmonizing to DOE, motor vehicles contributed 82 % to air pollution in Malaysia. How about the vehicles statistics? Statistic by Road Transport section of Malaysia ( until March 2010 ) shows registered autos in Malaysia is 8, 506 080 units, bike with 8,940230 units and public conveyance with 162309 units. This immense Numberss of motor vehicles contribute significantly to air pollution. Therefore, risky impact of air pollution must be monitored, control and prevented as it is about impossible to unclutter it to zero degree but we can work together to cut down the impact and pollution. 1.1 The Vision The vision of the program is to command on nomadic beginnings ( motor vehicles ) and stationary beginnings ( industrial production procedure ) in Malaysia. 1.2 Objective of Plan and Goals Achieving desired air quality degree of control for nomadic beginnings and installations which emits pollutants 1.3 Beginnings of Air Pollution in Malaysia Motor vehicles are the major subscribers to air pollution with 82 % and this is followed by stationary beginnings. The beginnings which categorized in stationary are including industrial installations such as chemical workss, steel Millss, oil refineries and power workss. Generally, stationary contribute emanations about 20 % – 25 % ( DOE cited in Yahya 2006 ) . Attempts are taken by Malayan authorities to advancing sustainable environment where Malaysia has been ranked 38 from 146 states worldwide in environment sustainability. 1.4 Developing control schemes The first measure to develop control schemes is finding precedence pollutants which are air pollutants. In Malaysia, industrial country and busy metropoliss such as Kuala Lumpur are largely affected with pollutants. Among identified countries are Shah Alam ( with 44 recorded unhealthy yearss per 350 yearss ) , Kuala Lumpur ( with 24 recorded unhealthy yearss ) and etc. The following measure is to look into side effects of the schemes selected. However, the development of control schemes must affect multi stakeholders working squad such as the authorities organic structures, private sectors, Non-Government organic structures ( NGO ) and the public engagement. 1.5 Control Schemes There are practical schemes in get the better ofing the issue which are: Air Quality Management scheme This scheme consists of developing and implementing air quality criterions which contains elements of: Optimum control scheme Abatement steps Cost-benefit or cost-effectiveness analyses Air quality appraisal Environmental harm appraisal and Abatement options of appraisal Emission control scheme Emission beginnings are determined by instance by instance footing. Fiscal inducement scheme By this scheme, inducements such as gross revenues revenue enhancement are given for those who are commanding air pollution. Cost benefit scheme This scheme determines rationally how much harm should accept from air pollution compared to be in cut downing the harm. 2.0 Engineering Control Concepts By and large, there are four technology constructs that can be applied to command emanation of air pollutants which is: Changing or modifying design of procedure Changing or modifying runing status of the procedure Change of natural stuffs and fuel Installing appropriate pollution remotion devices or system 3.0 Long Term Plan Using the right schemes for long term program are important as the job arising must be identified and analyzed foremost. As illustration, a instance happens of commanding industrial pollution at Sao Paolo, Brazil. They are concentrating at particulate affair emanations which produced by industries. In other manus, dust emanations caused by traffics or Mobiles really were the major jobs and had been overlooked. Therefore, side effects, root causes and beginnings must be identified to choose incorporate and suited attacks. 3.1: Emission Tax Fee For long term Air Quality direction program, Malaysia may larn and implement as what had been implemented in Taiwan. Taiwan has introduced and implementing emanation revenue enhancement fee in 1995 for defilers. The scenario is about same as Malaysia where stationary beginnings and nomadic beginning are the chief subscribers for pollution in Taiwan. Harmonizing to Chung-Hsing National University research, 50 % of SO2 emanation has been reduced since 1997 to the twelvemonth 2000. How did they make this? They used TEDS or Taiwan Emission Database as stock lists for this research. This research has shows consequences where pollutants are being connected closely with their emanation distributions. For Malayan, local universities may take portion and contribute to research that may take to high engineering invention in order to bring forth healthy air quality. There a tonss of universities that is capable in carry oning researches in Malaysia such as Universiti Sains Malaysia ( USM ) , Un iversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia ( UKM ) , Universiti Malaya ( UM ) and etc. These stairss in my sentiment are a good measure as the research can be continues for long term besides bring forthing high quality and Numberss of station alumnus pupils in Malaysia. 3.2: Government Engagement In order to accomplish developed state vision and at the same clip stay its environment sustainability, Malaysia must continuously better air quality direction which has begun in 2002. You read "Managing Air Quality And Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" Two old ages subsequently in 2004, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment was formed which consists of 10 environment and natural resources bureaus. Happening of haze phenomena late in Muar, Johor on 19th October 2010 has opened our eyes how serious air quality and the impacts are to us. Schools were advised to shut temporarily by Deputy Prime Minister as countermeasures to forestall the state of affairs from acquiring worse. Therefore, countermeasures such as implementing rigorous Torahs should be done where compound should be implemented to those who are involved in industries which produce pollution, unfastened combustion, over limit emanations or fumes from nomadic and etc. 3.3: Rigorous Environment Quality Regulations Chart 1: Registered Vehicles in Malaysia ( by twelvemonth ) Mobile beginnings remain as the biggest subscribers of pollutants in term of C monoxide and N oxide emanations. Harmonizing to Road Transport Department, Numberss of vehicles and Mobiles in Malaysia were increasing every twelvemonth as is Chart 1. In 2004, Environment Quality Regulation ( Control of Emission from Motorcycles ) has been gazette. This nevertheless, need to be updated from clip to clip as our state are turning even though universe economic system clime is about to retrieve. Table 3.3 ( a ) as per below shows the statistics of increasing registered Numberss of vehicles in Malaya: Year / Types of Registered vehicles 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Cars 537900 458294 468512 537092 513954 Motorcycles 422255 448751 484598 543122 441545 Public vehicles 9981 9090 7692 9713 8209 Table 3.3 ( a ) : Registered Vehicles in Malaysia as recorded by Road Transport Department ( by Year ) Large Numberss of vehicles besides means big sum of emanation. Therefore, enforcement and reappraisal of air quality ordinance must be done often and accommodate the latest demand. Department of Environment ( DOE ) Malaysia must play major functions in implementing rigorous ordinances. DOE may patterns periodic audit to premises harmonizing to Environment Quality Act 1974. Besides that, other actions that suggested to be performed are fastening new application for licensing ( as subdivision 11 ) . 3.4: Public Engagement Public engagement may guarantee that community and other parties working together in the development procedure. Populaces may involved by describing any unfastened combustion or improper industries activities in their country to the governments bureaus. Malayan may larn from US citizens civilization where persons are responsible and develop their ain program which called State Implementation Plan or SIP which related to air quality issues. Harmonizing to the program, each province must hold ain SIP. Each province in US is required to hold SIP which contains schemes and control steps to get the better of pollution issues. 4.0 Mobile Source Control Strategy Proposed action on commanding nomadic beginnings is: Plan 4.1 New Vehicles Design Emission from Mobiles can be controlled by assorted methods. One of the methods is utilizing catalytic convertors. Catalytic convertor was a device introduced by a Gallic mechanical applied scientist whom is Eugene Houdry. The catalytic are functioned to diminish toxic emanations from internal burning engine. Nowadays, autos are equipped with this device which maps to cut down C monoxide, VOCs and NOx emanations. Vehicles are besides can plan to accommodate environment friendly and at the same clip utilizing less polluting fuels. Therefore, less emanation and pollutants are produced. Plan 4.2 Conduct Awareness plan and run Using media, public run, seminars and uninterrupted plan on may increase consciousness on emanations produced by Mobiles or stationary beginnings. Media plays large influences in our life daily particularly in presenting information. Educating people particularly at school and universities may implement from now on to ‘born ‘ the earlier consciousness. In guaranting the run works efficaciously, internet web can be selected as a medium to present messages such as ‘Green Technology ‘ run in TV3 channel. Plan 4.3 Amendment and presenting consecutive regulations and ordinances Government organic structures such as Road Transport Department ( JPJ ) could play of import map such as carry oning on a regular basis and scheduled vehicles review. Inspection and care is a best manner to guarantee emanations are controlled right and efficaciously. In United States, rider autos and trucks are required to run into rigorous pollution criterions before it can be sold to market. Malaysia besides can implement and better this method better particularly for vehicles which has been used for more than 5 old ages. In other words, rigorous pollution criterions are reviewed and implemented on a regular basis. Besides that, higher compound can be introduced to do certain the ordinances are effected efficaciously. Plan 4.4 Introducing and advancing Green Technology Mobiles in Malaya Presents, intercrossed engine and electric autos has been get downing to developed and marketed. Toyota, Honda, Mitsubishi and other elephantine automotive companies are viing with each other to bring forth environment friendly autos. In order to command Mobiles emanations in Malaysia, why non PROTON, PERODUA and MODENAS working together to develop loanblend and electric based engines which involved motorcycles, autos, trucks and MPV ‘s. This measure may guarantee that our hereafters are cleaner where less fumes and emanations are produced. Malaysia still used gasoline based and so far, no loanblend or to the full electric based engines can be found on the route. By taking action today, who knows, possibly all vehicles in the hereafter are 90 % utilizing electric and intercrossed engines. This issue has been raised by Deputy Prime Minister, Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin whom urged Malayan companies to put in developing green and clean engineering for future vehicles. Collaboration with local universities, sellers and makers could recognize this program as Malaysia had more than 690 maker of constituents and 110 of bikes makers. Plan 4.5 Applying technology control constructs Let ‘s take an illustration from India as something we could larn and adapted. In India, 70 % of air pollution is caused by motor vehicles, two shot engines as the major subscriber, use of old autos which is more than 20 old ages and uses of low quality fuel with high S contents ( in Diesel ) . Therefore, the countermeasures taken are bettering fuel quality ; strengthen care and review and decrease of benzine from 3 % to merely 1 % . The constructs of alteration of natural stuffs and fuels are efficaciously solved this issue. In Malaysia, we could see vehicles which are 5 old ages and sometime ages up to 10 old ages are still traveling on the route. This civilization is wholly different in Japan where they will alter to new autos after it achieve five old ages of use. Why non in Malaysia, we strengthen review and care policy for vehicles for every 5 old ages or less? This could guarantee that vehicles on the route are safe and lone bring forth little per centum of emanations. Plan 4.6 Bettering Fuel Quality Most underdeveloped states are working on cut downing contents of S and lead. By bettering fuel quality, it is indirectly presenting Compressed Natural Gas ( CNG ) which free of S and lead. PETRONAS nevertheless has done fuel quality betterment by being the first oil company in Malaysia whom offer ‘SL ‘ service categorization of American Petroleum Institute ( API ) . Now, PETRONAS is perchance the first in the universe which offer engine oil with new API ‘SM ‘ categorization. Therefore, support from authorities and uninterrupted researches are required to better fuels quality from clip to clip. Universities and private sectors should works together in this scheme as engineering can be portion and being improved from clip to clip. 5.0 Stationary Beginnings Control Strategy Power works, smelters, cement workss, refineries and other industrial procedures are categorized as stationary beginnings. The factors that must be considered to choose appropriate scheme are: Stationary beginning status Control of efficiency required and Pollutant collected Therefore, suggested program to command stationary beginnings in Malaysia are: Plan: 5.1 Interstates coordination and cooperation Natural gas are widely use in power generating sectors. Due to that, interstate plan can be introduced to command letter papers particularly in identified country with high possible pollution such as industries country and extremely development or building country. Harmonizing to Country Synthesis Report on Urban Air Quality Management ( 2006 ) , major industries which impacting air quality in Malaysia are: Iron and steel industry Oil and gas industry Petrochemical sectors Pulp and paper Power workss and Waste incineration sector Therefore, attempts are taken to cut down dependence on the use of natural gas since Eight Malaysia Plan and it is expected to cut down to 56 % in the twelvemonth 2010. Government should work hard on this continuously as we could non depend 100 % on natural gas and crude oil beginnings as the costs are acquiring higher for the exploring costs. Systematic informations and constitution of informations centre which portions information between provinces may roll up all information demands, analysis intent and looking for the countermeasures based on instance by instance. Plan: 5.2 Application of Nano-technology Nowadays, we can hear everybody speaking about Nano-technology development. What is meant by Nano-technology? Harmonizing to Merriam-Webster Dictionary ( 1987 ) , it is define as â€Å" an art of pull stringsing stuffs on an atomic or molecule particularly to develop microscopic devices † . Construction stuffs, merchandises such as skate board and etc and place applications merchandise can be produce by this method. As an illustration, air conditioner are developed utilizing this new engineering. For air conditioner, Nano Carbon, Nano Silver and NanoPhotocatalyst are some of the illustrations that have been marketed. Therefore, authorities may give support by cut downing revenue enhancement and monetary values to Malaysians in order to promote them to purchase these types of merchandises. Plan 5.3 Applying control engineerings Stationary beginnings can be control by using technology control concepts every bit mentioned above ( publish 2.0 ) such as use of low Sulfur fuels. As an illustration, TNB power Stationss in Jana Manjung as reported in TV3 is utilizing low Ss and low bitumen coal as its chief beginnings in bring forthing electric power and at the same clip cut down pollution. The works was equipped with waste H2O intervention to handle its wastewater before released into the sea. The works can be the best samples as it meet higher emanation criterions in ASEAN as it operates to particulate degrees of merely 50 mg/NmA? compared to expected ASEAN degree which is 400 mg/NmA? . Even though the cost is high, this application is seems benefit us and at the same clip control and cut down pollution. The other method is through fuel pricing where cleaner fuels should included in economic inducements. Due to this, cleaner fuels may gazette as control monetary value points in Malaysia. This has been announced on 10th June 2010 by Malayan Prime Minister, Dato ‘ Sri Mohd Najib Bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak on RMK 10 where he stressed that the monetary value of those points are guaranteed will non to increased dramatically. Plan 5.4 Adapting International Standard Organization ( ISO ) ISO is a widely known organisation which formed connexion between public sectors and authorities. In order to accomplish desired degree of control, implementing ISO criterions may one of effectual schemes as the criterions are compiled in inside informations. The illustrations of criterions which can be applied are: No. Standard Aims 1. ISO8573-1:2010 Specify pureness of tight air at peculiar point 2. ISO8573 Parts 2 to 9 To prove air tight system for specific contaminations 3. ISO8573-4:2001 Test method for solid atom content 4. ISO8573-6:2003 Test method for gaseous contamination content Modern installations which required by ISO already included effectual attacks which the ends are to accomplish stringent air quality degrees. Plan 5.5 Promoting cleaner productions This means, effectual and procedure were running with high efficiency to forestall or cut down pollution of air, H2O and air. By proper direction of production, stuffs, energy and cost can be salvage a batch. Besides that, presenting licence or particular license for extremely pollutant procedures can be done in productions. Plan 5.6 Industrial Zoning Planning Basically, industries country should turn up far from residential or sensitive countries. Resettlement of bing industries zone besides can be considered but that depends on economical factors. For sensitive country, monitoring can be done by turn uping proper instruments to supervise and command emanations. Resettlement of major beginning of pollution besides can be considered as had been done for cement works in Haiphong, Vietnam. The works has identified by Vietnam Environmental Management Strategy as major subscribers of suspended particulates. As solutions, the authorities of Vietnam has agreed to relocate the works as the best countermeasure. 6.0 Factors should considered during development of control schemes Consideration must be taken before developing and implementing control schemes efficaciously. The factors which must be review are: Economic factors Economic factors that must be considered are capital, runing cost, life clip of equipments and care. The chief inquiries here will be who will bear the cost? Ideally, the authorities must put for the installations and latest engineering must be updated particularly for high engineering equipments, the operating cost and care occupation to keep it. Therefore, those who are involve and caused pollution should pay or compounded or utilizing the ‘Polluter Pays Principles ‘ . This is besides a manner to bring forth and obtain support. This can be used for environmental intent, care of equipments such as monitoring devices, runing cost and as a fund for implementing schemes. This has been implemented in Taiwan where the financess are used for financing advanced thoughts and besides back uping research sing air quality issues. 6.0.2 Environmental factors Air quality conditions in Malaysia are monitored by Department of Environment ( DOE ) through 51 Stationss. In add-on, 21 different sites utilizing High Volume Sampler were established to mensurate entire suspended particulate, particulate affair PM10 and heavy metal. Therefore, possible industry country such as palm oil workss, steel industries, cements and etc must aimed as precedence country to be monitored. Presents, environment conditions are altering instantly. Why? Haze phenomena are something must be look at. It happens 1000s stat mis from Malaysia and all of a sudden we faced the effects here. In planing effectual control scheme, factor that must be considered includes: Legal demands Contribution of control system as pollutant Ambient air quality conditions Adequate public-service corporations such as H2O scrubbers Malayan Environment Quality Act 1974 is related to bar, sweetening to environment and control of pollution. As the clip maintain traveling on, these statute laws should be review as environment and pollution issues are being wider range now. One the issue is haze which has been faced by Malaysia late. Therefore, control scheme as rigorous statute laws is one of good method which can be applied in Malaysia. In most underdeveloped states, rigorous criterions are set and applied for new imported autos as a manner to cut down bing job of pollution in a metropolis. As DOE is the section whom supervising air quality conditions, they are responsible to turn up the monitoring devices. As to day of the month, strategic locations has been equipped with Continuous Air Quality Monitoring Station as per below image. Photograph 6.0.2a: Continuous Air Quality Monitoring Station ( DOE Photo Library ) Besides that, ambient air quality is monitored by 51 Stationss which located strategically. Therefore, these equipments must be maintained and new 1s should be considered if air quality in that new country ( such as industry or extremely polluted ) detected harmful to human wellness. Engineering factors Besides environment and economic factor, technology factors besides play of import functions. Engineering factors should be considered in developing schemes. Factors such as gas watercourse characteristic, public presentation features of control system used, contaminant characteristic i.e. toxicity must be identified and analyzed. Therefore, this may assist a batch in developing the right approaches or schemes. Besides that, it is of import to see all technology instruments available. This is because experience has shows that utilizing multiple is most effectual for peculiar air issue. As an illustration, an beforehand analysis of the effectual analysis of a scheme implemented has been done in Chennai, India. Assessment was conducted and sulfur dioxide emanation has emanating in populated country from thermic workss. By engaging adept advisers, scrubbers and mechanical dust aggregators has been chosen as the most effectual pick to work out this issue. As the consequences, sulfur dioxide emanations from thermic works have been reduced to 90 % . From this scenario, we can state that thorough analysis must be conducted before placing and accommodate the best scheme to be adapted. Today, tonss of modern and sophisticated equipments or devices available for the intent of commanding pollution. It can be used as tools for monitoring, commanding, destructing contaminations from exhaust watercourse and to take them before it is emitted to atmosphere. Some of the devices that can be usage are bag houses, particulate scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators and mechanical aggregator such as dust cyclone. Therefore, using new engineerings for both of pollution beginnings should be considered in developing control schemes. Decisions Multiple pick of schemes are seems the better manner in battling Mobile and stationary beginnings of pollution. The selected attacks may non accommodate all instance at one clip. It may depend on the root cause or emanations produced. Due to that, depending on merely one method of attacks or schemes is non a good pattern. The impact of side effects or pro and cons of a scheme being develop must be studied and good plan. Again, coaction with authorities organic structures, private sectors and local universities can be formed for these intents. This is due that to assorted establishments whether authorities or non authorities are responsible to pull off and keeping air quality in Malaysia. In short, cooperation is extremely required for preparation of effectual schemes. Public sectors may affect in assisting authorities implementing control schemes. Therefore, squad work is indispensable in developing and implementing selected schemes. In implementing a scheme whether in get the better ofing Mobile or stationary beginnings, the scheme itself should develop in cooperation with authorities, private sectors, and besides civil society. By this manner, it will advance sense of ownership particularly to guarantee the successful of 1 Malaysia non merely for development of our state, economic but including environment issues. However, those developed schemes must be monitored. This is due to of import of showing clearly the different phases or stages of execution. Therefore, the advancement can be tracked and the scheme can be improved. Media besides could play of import functions in scattering information and consciousness sing air quality plan. This is easier as cyberspace is one of the best options available. This scheme has been implemented in China as their authorization ‘s organic structures describing on pollutants in 42 metropoliss as an consciousness plan get downing from the twelvemonth of 1999. How to cite Managing Air Quality And Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Critical Evaluation Socio-Technical And Soft System

Question: Describe about the Critical Evaluation of Sociotechnical and SSM methodology as an analysis and design strategy for the Modern Information System? Answer: Introduction The system which is composed of both the people and the computers and also processes and interprets the information is known as the information systems. The information system is basically the academic study of both the software and the hardware which used to run the computerized databases. Now a day the development of the modern information systems is becomes one of the demanding tasks because of the design, implementation and the presentation of the new technologies. The basic realization of the modern information system with the availability of the implementation of the characteristics and the functionalities in some of the specific areas of the interest is depicted as the modern information system. Through the modern information system it introduces some of the new and the innovative functions which assist in capturing of the new tendencies of the development of the information system. In this assignment it is critically evaluated of both the Sociotechnical and the SSM methodology as the analysis and the designed strategy of the Modern Information system. In the critical evaluation it discussed about the considerable evaluation and the critique of the methods which are used for doing the proper doing and the analyzing of the information system. Analysis of Some of the Methods Which Are Used in Designing and analysing the Modern Information System There are some of the methods which are available for designing and analyzing of the modern information systems which are listed below: Data warehouse methodology Enterprise resource planning methodology Expert system methodology Enterprise system methodology Socio technical and SSM methodology Data warehouse methodology- data warehouse methodology is mainly used for doing the data analysis and also the reporting. It generally acts as central repositories for storing the integrated data which are collected from the numbers of the separate sources. The data which are stored in the warehouse is mainly uploaded from the various operational sources which include sales, marketing, operation etc. this methodology also consists of some of the different systems which are describes below (Hindle, 2007): Data mart- it is actually a simple form of the data warehouse which mainly focused on any of the single subjects. Data mart is mainly built and controlled by any of the particular department of the organization. The sources of the data of the data warehouse are external data, internal operational sources, central data warehouses etc. Online analytical processing- this processing is mainly characterized by some of the low value of the transactions. Queries which are used in the online analytical processing is often in very complex in nature. This type of the database mainly stores some of the historical and the aggregated data which are basically used in the multi-dimensional schemas (Golfarelli and Rizzi, 2011). Online transaction processing- in this processing it mainly characterized by some of the online transaction which are basically short in nature. This system mainly highlights on the very fast processing of the queries and also needs to maintain the data integrity in the multi dimensional environment. This processing database mainly contains the detailed and the current data. Some of the benefits of the data warehouse which provides some of the opportunities are given below (Wing Lam and Shankararaman, 2004): It helps to assemble some of the data from the multiple sources in to the single data base so that it becomes easy to search some important data by using the single query engine. It also helps to improve the quality of the data by offering some of the consistent codes and the description. It also helps in doing the restructure of the data so that it becomes very easy for using this data by the business users. The restructuring of the data also helps in delivering the excellent query. It also makes it easy to do the decision support queries which also very easy to write and also very easy to understand (Di, Lefons and Tangorra, 2015). Enterprise resource planning methodology- this is actually the software which are used in doing the business management. It is mainly used in collecting, storing and also managing the data from the various sources. The erp system is mainly consists of the different components which are transaction database, management portal, work flow management, document management etc. the whole erp system is mainly grouped in to the erp modules like as financial accounting, management accounting, human resource, order processing, supply chain management etc. the implementation of the erp system is mainly depends on the customization, business size, number of modules, the scope of changes etc. some of the benefits of the erp system are listed below: Erp helps to improve the efficiency and the quality of the businesses. It also can leads to some of the better out puts which may causes to some of the benefits of the company so that the business can run more smoothly. Erp also provides some of the increased opportunities for doing the collaboration. It also may take various forms of the enterprise into the account. In it a collaborative platform is available which helps the employees in doing the collaboration of the contents in some of the various formats of the distributed system (Tsai et al., 2012). With the development of the erp system it also increases the security of the data which also allows the organization to do the easier ensured of the companys data. The implementation of the erp system makes the organization more flexible and the less rigid structure so that it can operate the components more easily which enhance the business (Sitompul and Noah, 2006). Expert system methodology- In the context of the artificial intelligence, the expert system is basically the computer system which emulates the capability of the decision making. The expert system methodology is mainly based on the knowledge based system. The expert system methodology is mainly consists of the two sub systems which includes the inference engine and the knowledge base (Soja and Weistroffer, 2014). The inference engine is mainly the automated reasoning scheme in which it does the proper evaluation of the existing state, applies some of the relevant rules. It also includes some of the capabilities of the explanation. The inference engine primarily has the two modes which are forward chaining and the backward chaining. The knowledge base is mainly used in doing the proper representation of the various facts of the world. It also develops some of the commercial shells by utilizing the concepts of the object oriented programming. Through the expert system methodology it gi ves the advantages of the availability of the expert systems all the time. It also helps to make some of the rational decisions. The availability of the interface of the natural language it makes the expert system more users friendly. It also helps in reducing the dependencies, elimination of the errors and the inconsistencies of the data. It is basically one of the good platforms of doing the knowledge sharing. The basic goal of the expert system is to specify the materials of the subjects in such a way so that it becomes easy to understand and reviewed by the other experts. To do the basic design of the expert system it needs an individuals who does the complete study on the process how the human expert makes any of the decision and also do the translation some of the rules in to the basic terms which the computer can understand (Di Tria, Lefons and Tangorra, 2012). Enterprise system methodology- the large scale of the application software which basically support the business processes, reporting of the information flows etc in the complex nature of the organization. The whole enterprise system includes some of the different systems which are: enterprise resource planning system, enterprise planning system and the customer relationship management software. Some of the advantages which includes in the enterprise system methodology are given below (Markham and Webb, 2012): Advanced data entry- the integration of the all the system in the organization may results in the little or the no entry of the redundant data and the other processes throughout the whole processes. Flow of the information- the flow of the information includes the proper sharing of the information across all the departments of the organization which leads to the improved communication and also the better performance of the employees. Advanced customer satisfaction- the employees who have the crucial essence of the information, improves the workflows, which results in the on-time delivery of the goods. With this improved quality and the reduction of the delivery time helps in doing the development of the customer satisfaction (Das, Sarkar and Ray, 2012). Integration of the organizational system- The enterprise system directs to maximum development of the whole integrated system in the organization. It also helps in doing the streamlining of the workflows and the organizational processes and also resulting in the improved quality of the efficiency (Sensuse, Silalahi and Budi, 2014). Socio Technical and SSM methodology- Some of the methods are the approaches which are used in the doing the design by considering the social, human and the organizational factors and also includes the technical factors in doing the design of the organizational systems. These approaches are known as Socio-Technical Systems Design (STSD). This socio technical process takes both the social and the technical factors into the account which also influence both the functionality and the usage of the computer based systems. The basis for doing the adoption of the socio-technical approaches in the system design is the failure so that it can increase some of the risks which the system does not make in their expected goals and the requirements of the organization. The source of the socio technical problem is most the techno centric approaches to the system design consider the people, system which supports the processes and also some of the complex relationships of the organization (Simiski, 201 3). The socio technical approach is mainly focused on the group interactions work more than the individual basis performance. In the context of the high uncertainty, the basis of the socio technical approach underlines mainly on the redundancies of the functions. Some of the examples of this perspective include quality circles and the independent work groups etc. In the context of the organizational development, the phrase socio technical systems explains the approach of the complex work design which basically recognize the interaction between the technology and the peoples of the organization. This term also refers to the interface between the human behavior and the complex infrastructure (Atkinson, 2000). The SSM is the methodology which deals with the problems which generally involves the social, cultural and the psychological elements. The SSM methodology does not have the capability to do the differentiation between the hard and the soft problems. Through the SSM methodology it provides the different ways to deal with the perceived situations as problematic. This methodology distinguishes itself from the approaches of the hard systems so that it can deals with the system. The SSM methodology includes the seven stages approach which is used because of the availability of the step wise nature of the approach. The seven stages of the model are discussed below (Clegg, 2000): Stage 1 2- definition of the system- In the first step it needs to do the acknowledgment, exploration and the definition of the situation in the some other ways. In this stage it is actually needs to explore the problem. In this stage it does not required to define the problems and doing the assessment of the general areas which is basic of the interest. The basic activity of this association is increasing and the supporting of the methods. In this stage the data mainly is either the qualitative or the quantitative in nature and the methods which are used in collecting the data are the observations, surveys and the measurement (Sensuse, Silalahi and Budi, 2014). In the second stage the issues are needs to express in some other ways. Checkland needs to call it a rich picture due to the availability of the two reasons. Firstly, the situation needs to evaluate with the availability of all the richness. Checkland needs to provide some of the guidelines which include: processes, climate, structures, peoples, conflicts; issues articulated by the people etc. secondly, the checkland needs to suggest the best possible way which is used in doing this articulated work in the picture form (Daclin, Chen and Vallespir, 2014). Stage 3- root definition of the relevant systems- in this stage it needs to move out the real world in to the systems world. In this stage, the first step is the needed to understand the perception of the different viewpoint through which it is possible to draw some of the rich picture. Checkland used to call them holons which is the significant perspectives which can describe all the activities of the real world. This is the basic reason for the evaluative nature of the SSM. Each separate holons provides the detach value base through which it evaluate the whole situations (Miller, 2013). The foundation of the SSM is the trying of the address by concerning all the perspectives which is more complex in nature. The clarity of the work is gained by concentrating all the key perspectives in the separate basis and also the understanding of the implications by using all the understanding to integrate all the perspectives to get the evaluative conclusions and the suggestions for taking the future action. Checkland needs to develop to CATWOE which needs to help others. The initial point of this is the transformation. Once the transformation is identified it needs to proceed to do the identification of the other elements which acts as key in the system. In doing the proper construction of the CATWOE it is basically important to flow everything from the basis of the transformation. Some of the factors which influence the construction of the CATWOE include transformation, customers, actors, owners, environment etc (Koschmider, 2014). Stage 4- development of the model- using the root definition model it becomes easy to draw the conceptual model by using the systems gathering. It also has the required capabilities which helps in achieving a single purpose and the also to solve the particular problem for which the whole conceptual model is designed. It also needs to check the model whether it demonstrates the following properties: The ongoing purpose The means which is used for assessing the performance The whole process of decision taking The components which interacts Resources Continuity (Rallapalli, 2012) Stage5- comparing the models and the real world- in this stage it needs to do the comparison of the conceptual system models on the basis of what is needed to explain and also to achieve the particular purpose and also to solve any of the particular problem on the basis of the actually happening of the real world. The one of the most common mistake which occurs in this stage is the basic confusion in the reality of the model. So the basic purpose of this stage is needs to develop the insights which change the program and also by reducing the patch protection which was not the unambiguous aspects of the program (Minatti Ferreira et al., 2009). Stage 6- development of the desirable and the feasible interventions- in this stage of the whole methodology it tends to stop being chronological and also starts in alternation of the back and forth throughout all the seven stages of this methodology so that it becomes easy to gain some of the greatest things. On the context of the analysis the some of the possible intervention are explored. So by assessing all the feasibilities of the interventions which becomes the important features of this methodology and the checkland suggests some of the ways which are listed below: It runs in the models by using the different perspectives, different CATWOE and the different scales. It undertakes some of the different systems which are based on the analysis. It includes the social system analysis. It also includes the political analysis of the system. Stage 7- improvement of the situation- this is the last stage where the whole cycle gets completed and then it starts another new cycle where it is needed by considering all the basic availabilities and the errors (Rallapalli, 2012). By comparing with the ISD methodology, the SSM methodology is more difficult and less tangible in doing the use. This predictability limit of the opportunity is adopted in this methodology. The supporters of the SSM methodology often object by applying the some of the explicit, measurable evaluation of the criteria so that it becomes easy to assess the success of the SSM methodology. Checkland represents the views on the attempts of the evaluation of the success of the SSM methodology (Olson and Staley, 2012). Conclusion By concluding the whole above study it tells about the illustrative analysis of all the possible methods which are used for designing and also the analyzing o the modern information systems. 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